Aptitude & Reasoning Interview Questions — Flashcards | inGrade

Question 1

What is Simple Interest and how is it calculated?

Accepted Answer

Simple Interest (SI) = (Principal × Rate × Time) / 100. For example, if you invest ₹10,000 at 5% per annum for 3 years, SI = (10,000 × 5 × 3) / 100 = ₹1,500. The total amount = Principal + SI = ₹11,500. Simple interest is calculated only on the original principal, unlike compound interest.

Question 2

What is the formula for Compound Interest?

Accepted Answer

Compound Interest (CI) = P × (1 + R/100)^T − P, where P is Principal, R is Rate per annum, and T is Time in years. For example, ₹10,000 at 10% for 2 years: Amount = 10,000 × (1.1)^2 = ₹12,100. CI = ₹2,100. Compound interest grows faster than simple interest because interest is earned on previously accumulated interest.

Question 3

How do you solve problems on Percentages?

Accepted Answer

Key formulas: Percentage = (Value / Total) × 100. Percentage increase = [(New − Old) / Old] × 100. Percentage decrease = [(Old − New) / Old] × 100. If a price increases by 20% and then decreases by 20%, the net change is not zero — it is a 4% decrease (because 20% of a larger number is subtracted). Always identify the base value carefully.

Question 4

What is the concept of Ratio and Proportion?

Accepted Answer

A ratio compares two quantities (e.g., 3:4 means for every 3 of one there are 4 of another). Proportion states that two ratios are equal (a:b = c:d, so a×d = b×c — the cross-multiplication rule). Key applications: dividing quantities in a given ratio, finding missing values in proportions, and solving mixture problems. If A:B = 2:3 and total is 50, then A = 20 and B = 30.

Question 5

How do you solve Time, Speed, and Distance problems?

Accepted Answer

The fundamental formula is: Distance = Speed × Time. Key relationships: Speed = Distance / Time; Time = Distance / Speed. For average speed when equal distances are covered at different speeds: Average Speed = 2S1×S2 / (S1+S2). For trains passing each other, add their lengths and speeds (if moving in opposite directions) or subtract speeds (if same direction).

Question 6

What is the concept of Permutations and Combinations?

Accepted Answer

Permutation is the arrangement of objects where order matters: P(n,r) = n! / (n-r)!. Combination is the selection of objects where order does not matter: C(n,r) = n! / [r! × (n-r)!]. Example: Selecting 3 people from 5 for a committee = C(5,3) = 10. Arranging 3 people from 5 in a line = P(5,3) = 60. The key question is always: does order matter?

Question 7

How do you solve Probability problems?

Accepted Answer

Probability = (Number of favourable outcomes) / (Total number of possible outcomes). Key rules: P(A or B) = P(A) + P(B) − P(A and B) for non-mutually exclusive events. P(A and B) = P(A) × P(B) for independent events. Example: Probability of drawing a red card from a standard deck = 26/52 = 1/2. Always ensure outcomes are equally likely before applying the formula.

Question 8

What are the key concepts in Number Series questions?

Accepted Answer

Common patterns in number series: Arithmetic progression (constant difference, e.g., 2, 5, 8, 11), Geometric progression (constant ratio, e.g., 2, 6, 18, 54), Squares or cubes (1, 4, 9, 16 or 1, 8, 27, 64), Fibonacci-type (each term is the sum of the two preceding terms), and Mixed patterns (alternating operations). Always check differences between consecutive terms first.

Question 9

How do you approach Logical Reasoning questions?

Accepted Answer

For syllogisms: draw Venn diagrams to visualize relationships between sets. For blood relations: create a family tree diagram. For direction sense: always start from the initial position and track each movement carefully. For coding-decoding: identify the pattern (shift in alphabet, reversal, substitution). For seating arrangements: use a grid or circle and place the most constrained person first.

Question 10

What is the concept of Profit and Loss?

Accepted Answer

Key formulas: Profit = Selling Price (SP) − Cost Price (CP). Loss = CP − SP. Profit% = (Profit / CP) × 100. Loss% = (Loss / CP) × 100. SP = CP × (1 + Profit%/100). If an item is sold at 20% profit, SP = 1.2 × CP. If sold at 15% loss, SP = 0.85 × CP. Discount is always calculated on Marked Price (MP), while Profit/Loss is always calculated on Cost Price.

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